Bladder exstrophy.

Bladder exstrophy, more properly, the exstrophy-epispadias complex is a rare congenital anomaly occurring once every 10,000-50,000 live births with a 2.3:1 as male & female ratio. The diagnosis involves a spectrum of anomalies of the lower abdominal wall, bladder, anterior bony pelvis and external genitalia. It occurs due to failure of the abdominal wall to close during fetal development and results in protrusion of the posterior bladder wall through the lower abdominal wall. We report a case of bladder exstrophy managed by us.

Cloacal exstrophy: a rare and complex anomaly.

Cloacal exstrophy is a very rare and complicated birth defect. It occurs once in every 200,000 births. It is a complex anomaly of the urogenital tract and intestinal tract resulting in exstrophy of both bowel and bladder; the most severe form of anomaly is in the exstrophy–epispadias complex. Its features include omphalocele, imperforate anus and exstrophy of two hemibladders, between which lies the everted cecum. A small colon ends blindly in the pelvis, and the terminal ileum often prolapses out of the exposed cecum. We are reporting a case of cloacal exstrophy with lumbosacral meningomyelocoele and deformity of left foot which was managed successfully.

Thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis: a rare entity : case report and review of literature.

Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital abnormality characterised by partial or complete displacement of the heart outside the thoracic cavity. It can be associated with other congenital abnormalities. The present case was a two hours old male child and a product of non-consanguineous marriage. Child had thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis. Condition of child detoriated rapidly and succumbed before any investigation and surgical intervention could be performed.